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ADG528F
Rev. F | Page 11 of 16
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADG528F multiplexer is capable of withstanding overvoltages
from −40 V to +55 V, irrespective of whether the power supplies
are present or not. Each channel of the multiplexer consists of an
n-channel MOSFET, a p-channel MOSFET, and an n-channel
MOSFET, connected in series. When the analog input exceeds the
power supplies, one of the MOSFETs will switch off, limiting the
current to submicroamp levels, thereby preventing the overvoltage
from damaging any circuitry following the multiplexer. Figure 14
illustrates the channel architecture that enables these multiplexers
to withstand continuous overvoltages.
When an analog input of VSS + 3 V to VDD − 1.5 V is applied
to the ADG528F, the multiplexer behaves as a standard multi-
plexer, with specifications similar to a standard multiplexer,
for example, the on-resistance is 400 Ω maximum. However,
when an overvoltage is applied to the device, one of the three
MOSFETs will turn off.
Figure 14 to Figure 17 show the conditions of the three MOSFETs
for the various overvoltage situations. When the analog input
applied to an on channel approaches the positive power supply
line, the n-channel MOSFET turns off because the voltage on
the analog input exceeds the difference between VDD and the
n-channel threshold voltage (VTN). When a voltage more nega-
tive than VSS is applied to the multiplexer, the p-channel
MOSFET will turn off because the analog input is more
negative than the difference between VSS and the p-channel
threshold voltage (VTP). Because VTN is nominally 1.5 V and
VTP is typically 3 V, the analog input range to the multiplexer is
limited to −12 V to +13.5 V when a ±15 V power supply is used.
When the power supplies are present but the channel is off,
again either the p-channel MOSFET or one of the n-channel
MOSFETs will turn off when an overvoltage occurs.
Finally, when the power supplies are off, the gate of each
MOSFET will be at ground. A negative overvoltage switches
on the first n-channel MOSFET but the bias produced by the
overvoltage causes the p-channel MOSFET to remain turned
off. With a positive overvoltage, the first MOSFET in the series
will remain off because the gate to source voltage applied to this
MOSFET is negative.
During fault conditions, the leakage current into and out of
the ADG528F is limited to a few microamps. This protects the
multiplexer and succeeding circuitry from over stresses as well
as protecting the signal sources, which drive the multiplexer.
Also, the other channels of the multiplexer will be undisturbed
by the overvoltage and will continue to operate normally.
Q1 Q2 Q3
+55V
OVERVOLTAGE
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
OFF
V
DD
V
SS
09655-017
Figure 14. +55 V Overvoltage Input to the On Channel
Q1 Q2 Q3
–40V
OVERVOLTAGE
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
ON p-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
OFF
V
SS
V
DD
09655-018
Figure 15. −40 V Overvoltage on an Off Channel with
Multiplexer Power On
Q1 Q2 Q3
+55V
OVERVOLTAGE
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
OFF
09655-019
Figure 16. +55 V Overvoltage with Power Off
Q1 Q2 Q3
–40V
OVERVOLTAGE
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
ON p-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
OFF
09655-020
Figure 17. −40 V Overvoltage with Power Off